1. Vagrant功能:
Vagrant uses to build configurable, lightweight, and portable virtual machines dynamically..
【Vagrant 使用Oracle VM VirtualBox 动态创建和配置轻量级的，可重现的，便携的虚拟机环境。】
2. Vagrant下载:
3. Vagrant安装:
3.1. 下载并安装Oracle VM VirtualBox: 例如在Windows环境下，需要安装VirtualBox-4.2.0-80737-Win.exe
3.2. 下载并安装最新版本的Vagrant:
[注]在 Windows and Mac OS X,vagrant 命令应该自动添加到环境变量PATH. 但是在其他操作系统下, 你必须手动添加/opt/vagrant/bin 到环境变量PATH。
4. Vagrant命令
Vagrant安装完成之后，我们就可以从命令行通过vagrant命令来进行操作。vagrant 常用命令如下：
vagrant box add <name> <url>
vagrant box list vagrant box remove <name> vagrant box repackage <name> vagrant init [box-name] [box-url] vagrant up [vm-name] [--[no-]provision] [-h] vagrant destroy [vm-name] vagrant suspend [vm-name] vagrant reload [vm-name] vagrant resume [vm-name] vagrant halt [vm-name] vagrant status [vm-name] vagrant package [vm-name] [--base name] [--output name.box][--include one,two,three] [--vagrantfile file] vagrant provision [vm-name] vagrant ssh [vm-name] [-c command] [-- extra ssh args] vagrant ssh-config [vm-name] [--host name]5. Vagrantfile
任何Vagrant工程下都有一个Vagrantfile, 就像makefile一样，Vagrantfile用来配置vagrant的行为所创建虚拟机的信息，下面是一个基本的Vagrantfile：
Vagrant::Config.run do |config| # Setup the box config.vm.box = "my_box" end
6. 创建第一个Vagrant虚拟环境以及工程:
(1)创建工程目录， 并且执行vagrant init命令，该命令会产生最初的 Vagrantfile
$ mkdir vagrant_guide$ cd vagrant_guide$ vagrant init
(2)添加一个Base Box:
Vagrant不是从头开始创建虚拟机，而是导入一个虚机的base image，在这个基础上进行构建。这些image就叫做Box.
Vagrant 支持从本地文件系统或者HTTP URL来添加boxes
$vagrant box add base
$vagrant box add base D:\lucid32.box
(3)配置Project使用这个Box: 修改Vagrantfile为如下内容：
Vagrant::Config.run do |config|
config.vm.box = "base" end(4)启动虚拟机
$vagrant up
(5)停掉虚拟机
$vagrant destroy
(6) SSH配置
Vagrant 提供了对虚拟机的SSH连接，只需要执行一个命令：
$vagrant ssh
在Windows环境下可以使用PUTTY，配置下面的信息来连接虚拟机：
hostname: localhost
port: 2222
Connection Type: SSH
User Name: vagrant
Password: vagrant
(7)访问刚才创建的Project.
Vagrant 通过VirtualBox的shared folder来连接你的application和虚拟机， 默认的shared folder的卫士是/vagrant， 所以想要查看刚才创建的项目，只需要执行：
ls /vagrant index.html Vagrantfile
(8) Provisioning：
通常情况下Box只做最基本的设置，而不是一次到位的设置好所有的环境。Vagrant通常使用或者来做进一步的环境搭建。
回到刚才创建的index.html，我们需要安装Apache。我们下面用Puppet来完成这一设置。
1. 在项目的根目录下创建文件夹manifests，然后在该文件家中创建Puppet的配置文件default.pp，该文件内容如下：
# Basic Puppet Apache manifestclass apache { exec { 'apt-get update': command => '/usr/bin/apt-get update' } package { "apache2": ensure => present, } service { "apache2": ensure => running, require => Package["apache2"], } } include apache 2. 在Vagrantfile里添加对Puppet provisioning的支持：
Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box = "base" # Enable the Puppet provisioner config.vm.provision :puppetend
(9) 运行Project
为了使puppet的配置生效，如果不重启虚机，则需要执行vagrant reload命令。
$ vagrant reload
因为没有配置port forwarding，所以你还不能从本地浏览器查看Project的输出。只能SSH到虚拟机上查看127.0.0.1的输出：
(10) 进行端口映射
修改Vagrantfile， 添加本地端口和虚机端口的映射关系， 然后执行vagrant reload, 然后你就可以通过本地浏览器来访问：.
Vagrant::Config.run do |config| # Forward guest port 80 to host port 4567 config.vm.forward_port 80, 4567 end
7. 打包 Packaging
1. 创建一个新的文件Vagrantfile.pkg，内容如下：
Vagrant::Config.run do |config| # Forward apache config.vm.forward_port 80, 8080 end 2. 打包Project
$ vagrant package --vagrantfile Vagrantfile.pkg
8. 打包完成后，在工程根目录下就会生成package.box，别人就可以使用这个Box了：
$ vagrant box add my_box /path/to/the/package.box $ vagrant init my_box $ vagrant up 9.共享文件夹
config.vm.synced_folder "E:/Blog", "/home/vagrant/Blog" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vagrantfile
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what# you're doing.Vagrant.configure(2) do |config| # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below. # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at # https://docs.vagrantup.com.# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search. config.vm.box = "base"# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended. # config.vm.box_check_update = false config.vm.synced_folder "E:/well/share", "/home/vagrant" # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below, # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine. # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP. # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.0.10"# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on # your network. config.vm.network "public_network"# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third # argument is a set of non-required options. # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options. # Example for VirtualBox: # # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb| # # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine # vb.gui = true # # # Customize the amount of memory on the VM: # vb.memory = "1024" # end # # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more # information on available options.# Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies
# such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at # https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information. # config.push.define "atlas" do |push| # push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME" # end# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use. # config.vm.provision "shell", inline <<-SHELL # sudo apt-get install apache2 # SHELLend